I get a similar result using Tor Browser on Linux. I tried 5 times by starting a new Tor Browser (15.0.15), navigating to Microsoft Translator and typing some text in. Every time I got “You have exceeded the amount of allowed translations. Please try again later” and each time a different DebugID starting with the same 5 alphanumeric characters:
This kind of response is perfectly normal from online service providers with rate limited services. The DebugID Bing provide is simply something to identify your session so all the parameters associated with it are available to Bing technical staff, if needed.
It is nothing to worry about. Bing cannot uniquely identify you simply by your operating system and the fact that you use Tor Browser. Every other Win 10 user using this version of Tor Browser will look the same to them. A bot using the Tor network has very likely triggered Bing’s rate limiter and that is why you are seeing this.